What are non metals classified as? Non metals, also known as nonmetals, are a group of elements that are not metals. They are characterized by their lack of metallic properties, such as conductivity, malleability, and luster. In this article, we will explore the classification of non metals and their unique properties that differentiate them from metals.
Non metals are primarily found in the rightmost column of the periodic table, known as the p-block. This block consists of elements that have their outermost electrons in the p-orbital. The p-block includes elements such as nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, which are all non metals. These elements are further classified into three main categories based on their physical and chemical properties: noble gases, halogens, and chalcogens.
Noble gases, such as helium, neon, and argon, are known for their extremely low reactivity. They are often referred to as “inert gases” because they do not readily form compounds with other elements. This characteristic makes them useful in various applications, such as lighting and cryogenics.
Halogens, including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, are highly reactive non metals. They are known for their ability to form salts with metals. Halogens are essential for life, as they are involved in the formation of compounds such as water and chlorophyll. However, they can also be toxic in high concentrations.
Chalcogens, which include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium, are non metals that are less reactive than halogens but more reactive than noble gases. They are often found in compounds with metals, such as sulfides and oxides. Chalcogens play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis.
One of the key differences between non metals and metals is their electronic configuration. Non metals have a higher electronegativity, which means they have a greater tendency to attract electrons. This property makes them form covalent bonds with other non metals, rather than metallic bonds with metals. As a result, non metals are generally poor conductors of electricity and heat.
In addition to their unique electronic configuration, non metals exhibit a variety of physical properties. For instance, they are typically brittle and lack malleability. This is because non metals do not have a regular arrangement of atoms in their crystal lattice, which is a characteristic feature of metals.
In conclusion, non metals are classified as elements that lack metallic properties. They are found in the p-block of the periodic table and are further categorized into noble gases, halogens, and chalcogens based on their reactivity and chemical properties. Non metals have unique electronic configurations and physical properties that differentiate them from metals, making them essential components of various compounds and biological processes.
