What is non metal in periodic table?
Non-metals are a group of elements in the periodic table that are characterized by their non-metallic properties. Unlike metals, which are generally shiny, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, non-metals are typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors of electricity. This article aims to explore the characteristics, distribution, and uses of non-metals in the periodic table.
Non-metals are located on the right-hand side of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen, which is placed at the top left corner. This region is known as the “p-block,” as it consists of elements with valence electrons in the p-orbitals. The non-metals are further divided into three categories: noble gases, halogens, and chalcogens.
Noble gases, such as helium, neon, and argon, are located in the far right column of the periodic table. They are known for their extremely low reactivity and stable electron configurations, which make them inert under normal conditions. Noble gases are used in various applications, including lighting, cryogenics, and as a protective atmosphere for sensitive processes.
Halogens, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, are found in the second-to-last column of the periodic table. They are highly reactive and are known for their ability to form salts with metals. Halogens have a wide range of applications, including the production of chlorine gas for water purification, fluorine for refrigerants, and bromine for pharmaceuticals.
Chalcogens, such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium, are located in the third-to-last column of the periodic table. They are moderately reactive and can form various compounds with metals and non-metals. Chalcogens have a variety of uses, including the production of sulfuric acid, which is a key component in fertilizers and detergents, and selenium, which is used in solar cells and as an antioxidant.
Non-metals have several unique properties that distinguish them from metals. One of the most notable properties is their poor conductivity of electricity. This is due to the lack of free electrons in their outermost electron shells, which are responsible for the flow of electricity in metals. Non-metals also have low melting and boiling points compared to metals, which makes them more volatile.
Another important property of non-metals is their ability to form covalent bonds. Unlike metals, which tend to form ionic bonds by transferring electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, non-metals share electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds. This property allows non-metals to form a wide variety of compounds with other elements.
Non-metals have numerous applications in various industries. For example, oxygen is essential for respiration and is used in hospitals and laboratories. Sulfuric acid is a key ingredient in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and other chemicals. Halogens, such as chlorine and bromine, are used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, plastics, and flame retardants.
In conclusion, non-metals are a diverse group of elements with unique properties and applications. They play a crucial role in various industries and are essential for life on Earth. Understanding the characteristics and distribution of non-metals in the periodic table helps us appreciate their importance and potential in various fields.
